Zusammenfassung
Platten- und Adenokarzinome des Ösophaguskarzinome zeigen eine intensive Anreicherung
des Glukoseanalogons [18F]Fluordeoxyglukose (FDG) und können in der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET)
mit hoher Sensitivität nachgewiesen werden. Wie mehrere klinische Studien in den letzten
Jahren zeigen konnten, ist die diagnostische Genauigkeit der FDG-PET im Nachweis von
Lymphknoten- und Fernmetastasen signifikant höher als die der derzeitigen Standarddiagnostik
mit Computertomographie (CT) und endoskopischem Ultraschall (EUS). In etwa 20 % der
untersuchten Patienten führt das Ergebnis einer zusätzlich zur Standarddiagnostik
durchgeführten FDG-PET zu einer klinisch relevanten Veränderung des Tumorstadiums
und beeinflusst das weitere therapeutische Vorgehen.
Nach Radiochemotherapie kann das histologische Ansprechen von Ösophaguskarzinomen
in der FDG-PET mit einer diagnostischen Genauigkeit von etwa 80 % festgestellt werden,
während weder in der CT noch im EUS in dieser Situation eine Differenzierung zwischen
Narbengewebe und vitalen Tumorresten möglich ist. Patienten mit stoffwechselaktivem
Tumorgewebe nach neoadjuvanter Radiochemotherapie weisen auch nach Tumorresektion
eine sehr schlechte Prognose mit einem medianen Überleben von nur etwa 9 Monaten auf.
Magenkarzinome zeigen eine sehr variable FDG-Anreicherung. Insbesondere können auch
große Tumoren vom diffusen Typ nach Lauren, insbesondere Siegelringkarzinome oder
muzinöse Tumoren in der FDG-PET häufig nicht dargestellt werden. Insgesamt beträgt
somit auch bei fortgeschrittenen Tumoren die Sensitivität der FDG-PET zum Tumornachweis
nur etwa 60 %.
Abstract
Squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus are characterized by high glucose
utilization and are detected by positron emission tomography using the glucose analog
[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) with high sensitivity. Several clinical studies published
in the recent years have shown that FDG-PET is currently the most accurate test to
detect non-regional lymph node and distant metastases of esophageal cancer. The use
of FDG-PET after routine staging with computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound
(EUS) results in a clinically relevant change of tumor stage in approximately 20 %
of the patients.
Following preoperative chemo- or chemoradiotherapy histopathological tumor response
can be detected by FDG-PET with a diagnostic accuracy of approximately 80 %. In contrast
morphological imaging modalities such as CT or EUS cannot reliably differentiate between
residual tumor tissue and therapy induced fibrosis. The findings in FDG-PET following
preoperative therapy are also of prognostic relevance. Even when treated by esophagectomy
median survival of patients with residual metabolically active tumor tissue is only
approximately 9 months.
Gastric carcinoma demonstrates highly variable FDG-uptake. Even large mucinous or
signet cell carcinomas may not be visualized by FDG-PET. Overall, the sensitivity
of FDG-PET for detection of locally advanced gastric carcinomas is only 60 %.
Schlüsselwörter
Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie - Fluorodeoxyglukose - Magenkarzinom - Ösophaguskarzinom
Key words
Positron-emission-tomography - fluorodeoxyglucose - gastric cancer - esophageal cancer
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PD Dr. Wolfgang A. Weber
Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik · Technische Universität München · Klinikum
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